RUMUS 16 TENCES

RUMUS 16 TENSES BAHASA INGGRIS

RUMUS

Kalimat negatif

	Past	Present	Future	Past Future
Simple	S + Was/Were + KK2 + O	S + KK1 + O	S + Will + KK1 + O	S + Would + KK1 + O
Continuous	S + Was/Were + KK-ing + O	S + Am/Are/Is + KK-ing + O	S + Will + Be + KK-ing + O	S + Would + Be + KK-ing + O
Perfect	S + Had + KK3 + O	S + Have/Has + KK3 + O	S + Will + Have/Has + KK3 + O	S + Would + Have/Has + KK3 + O
Perfect Continuous	S + Had + Been + KK-ing + O	S + Have/Has + Been + KK-ing + O	S + Will + Have/Has + Been + KK-ing + O	S + Would + Have/Has + Been + KK-ing + O

 

Kalimat negative

	Past	Present	Future	Past Future
Simple	S + Was/Were + Not + KK2 + O	S + Do/Does + Not + KK1 + O	S + Will + Not + KK1 + O	S + Would + Not + KK1 + O
Continuous	S + Was/Were + Not + KK-ing + O	S + Am/Are/Is + Not + KK-ing + O	S + Will + Be + Not + KK-ing + O	S + Would + Be + Not + KK-ing + O
Perfect	S + Had + Not + KK3 + O	S + Have/Has + Not + KK3 + O	S + Will + Have/Has + Not + KK3 + O	S + Would + Have/Has + Not + KK3 + O
Perfect Continuous	S + Had + Been + Not + KK-ing + O	S + Have/Has + Been + Not + KK-ing + O	S + Will + Have/Has + Been + Not + KK-ing + O	S + Would + Have/Has + Been + Not + KK-ing + O

 

Kata Kerja

Do	Be	Have
Do	Is	Has
Does	Are	Have
Did	Am	Had
	Was
	Were
	Be
	Being
	Been

Sedangkan modalnya adalah

can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to.

Kata Kerja adalah bagian inti dari Tenses Bahasa Inggris. Kata kerja atau Verb pada rumus-rumus Tenses di blog ini, Kata kerja atau Verb ini sering saya singkat V saja. Jadi kalau V+ing artinya sama dengan Verb+ing, sering juga saya tulis sebagai “Ving” saja agar mudah.

Kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris ada banyak bentuknya:

V1, V2, V3, Ving.

1.      Kata Kerja bentuk ke 1, aku singkat V1, yaitu kata kerja dasar,

Seperti : drink, go, write, read, participate, learn, study, dan sebagainya.

2.      Kata kerja bentuk ke 2, aku singkat V2.

3.      Kata kerja bentuk ke 3, aku singkat V3. Serta

4.      Kata Kerja bentuk ING ,aku singkat Ving.

Bagaimana cara menggunakan bentuk-bentuk kata kerja tersebut?

Cara Mudah membuat Kalimat bahasa inggris bagi pemula

Nah, ketika mulai berlatih berbicara cobalah berlatih dengan menggunakan pola S-P-O-K ini. Pola pikirnya adalah:

1. Siapa yang berbicara? (gunakan I,You,He,She,They,We,It/name)
2.Melakukan apa?
3.Melakukan terhadap apa?
4.Di mana, kapan,bagaimana?

Pada waktu saya mengajar Bahasa Inggris pada seseorang / sekelompok murid, biasanya selalu ada sesi untuk latihan membuat kalimat. Nah, pada sesi ini biasanya sering terjadi suasana hening, mengapa ? Karena mereka pada mikir, mau bikin kalimat gimana ? Apalagi kalau ditunjuk, biasanya para murid akan blank dan kebingungan. memori kosa kata yang tersimpan di otak tiba-tiba tidak bisa diakses, dan akhirnya ekspresi terakhir dari proses berpikir, yaitu berbicara, terhenti :)

Bagaimana cara mengatasi hal ini ?
saya pernah membahas tentang struktur kalimat yaitu

Subyek, predikat, obyek, dan keterangan.  S-P-O-K

Nah, pola S-P-O-K ini bisa disingkat dengan rumus sederhana. Pada waktu kita mau berlatih untuk membuat kalimat sederhana pikirkan rumus ini :

SIAPA ?                > (yaitu Subyeknya : I, We ,You, They, , He, She, It, Budi, Lusi, etc)

NGAPAIN ?         > (Yaitu predikatnya, berupa kata kerja atau kata kerja bantu)

NGAPAIN APA ?> (Yaitu obyeknya)

DI MANA ?         > (Adverb of place)

KAPAN ?             >  (Adverb of time)

EX >

 I > WONT > TO > STUDY ENGLISH >  AT STIKOM MUHAMMADIYAH > EVERY THERSDAY

Let’s we study engglih

Perubahan Bentuk Kata Kerja

Perubahan bentuk Kata Kerja bentuk 1 (V1) ke bentuk kedua (V2) dan bentuk ke 3 (V2) ada yang beraturan (ada rumusnya) dan ada juga yang tidak beraturan (tidak ada rumusnya). Wah memamg inilah yang membuat bahasa Inggris ini menjadi rumit bagi kita orang Indonesia, haha.

Kata Kerja Beraturan (Regular Verb):

Artinya ya mempunyai keteraturan bentuknya, ada rumusnya misalnya ditambah “D” atau “ED” seperti: live – lived – lived, play, played, played.

Walaupun ada aturannya tetapi aturan perubahan tersebut masih ada beberapa. Daftar kata kerja beraturan ini pun panjang sekali. Saya sarankan Anda mempunyai buku Grammar Bahasa Inggris walaupun yang kecil dan sederhana, biasanya ada di sana. Memang Anda mau menulsinya disini satu per satu?.

Kata Kerja TAK Beraturan (Irregular Verb):



V1	V2	V3
do	did	done
buy	bought	bought
begin	began	begun
become	became	

Misalnya kata kerja berturut-turut untuk bentuk ke 1 sampai 3:

Drink – drank  - drunk.

Break – broke - broken

Masih ingat V1, V2, V3 dan Ving? Jangan lupa apa itu artinya ya, karena akan sering dipergunakan dalam setiap  tenses bahasa inggris

1.  PRESENT TENSE  *WAKTU  SEKARANG*

A. Simple Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang Sederhana)

Rumus :

+ } S + V1 + O/C

- } S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C

? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/C

Example :

+ } Sisca Reads book everyday

- } Sisca does not Read book everyday

? } does Sisca Read book everyday

Yes He does / No He does not (doesn’t)

For I, We, You, They = do

He, She, It = Does

Contoh kalimat :

(+) She is a new people here.

(+) He plays football every morning

(-) She isn’t a new people here.

(-) He does not playing football every morning.

(?) Is she a new people here?

(?) How playing football every morning?

B. Present Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sekarang)

Menerangkan suatu perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu sekarang.

Rumus :

( + )  S + Be + V1 + ing + O/C            >>        ( + ) They are playing badmintoon now

( – )  S + Be + Not + V1 + ing + O/C  >>         ( – ) They are not playing badmintoon now

( ? )  Be + S + V1 + ing + O/C            >>         ( ? ) Are they palaying badmintoon now ?

Yes They are / no they are not

For I                 = Am

They, we, you  = are

He, She, It        = Is

Contoh dalam kalimat :

(+) He is playing badminton now

(-) He isn’t playing badminton now.

(?) Is he playing badminton now.

C. Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Sekarang)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb+main verb

Contoh :

(+) you have eaten mine.

(-) she has not been to Rome

(?) have you finished?

D. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)

Rumus :

(+): S + have/has + been + Ving

(-): S + have/has + not + been + Ving

(?): Have/has + S + been + Ving

Contoh :

(+) She has been going to Malang since evening.

(+) We have been riding a horse for three days

(-) She hasn’t been going to Malang since evening.

(-) We haven’t been riding a horse for three days.

(?) Has she been going to Malang ?

(?) Have He been riding a horse for three days ?

2. Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)

A. Simple Past Tense (Waktu Lampau Sederhana)

Rumus :

+} S+Be+Was/Were+O/C

-} S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/C

?} Be+Was/Were+ S+O/C

Example :

+} We were at school yesterday

-} We were not at school yesterday

?} were we at school yesterday ?

For I, He, She, It = Was

They, we, you = were

Contoh :

( + ) I saw a good film last night

( + ) He came here last month

( - ) I saw not a good film last night

( - ) He came not last month

( ? ) Saw I a good film last night

( ? ) Came He here last month

B. Past Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Lampau)

Rumus :

(+): S + was/were + Ving

(-): S + was/were + NOT + Ving

(?): Was/Were + S + Ving

Contoh :

(+) He was watching television all afternoon last week

(+) They were talking about sport when I met him

(-) He wasn’t watching television all afternoon last week

(-) They weren’t talking about sport when I met him

(?) Was He watching television all afternoon last week

(?) Were they talking about sport when I met him

C. Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb

(+): S + had + V3

(-): S + had + not + V3

(?): Had + S + V3

Contoh :

(+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle

(+) The ship had left before I arrived

(-) When my brother arrived , I hadn’t painted my motor cycle

(-) The ship hadn’t left before I arrived

(?) Had I my motor cycle , when my brother arrived ?

(?) Had the ship left before I arrived?

D. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) They had been living there for two month

(+) When they washed my drees , your father had been playing badminton

(-) They hadn’t been living there for two month

(-) When they washed my dress , your father hadn’t been playing badminton

(?) Had they been living there for two month?

(?) When they washed my dress , had your father been playing badminton ?

3. Future Tense (Akan Datang)

a. Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb WILL+main verb

Contoh :

(+) I will visit to yogyakarta tomorrow.

(+) he will met girl friend by seven o’clock

(?) Will he go to America next month?

(+) President shall at Nederland the day after tomorrow.

(-) President shall not at Nederland the day after tomorrow.

(?) Shall President at Nederland the day after tomorrow?

B. Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Akan Datang)

Rumus : S + Will + Be + Verb + A + Verb

Subject + auxiliary Verb Will + auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) I will be writing a comic.

(+) I will be studying tomorrow night.

(-) I will not writing a comic.

(-) I will not be studying tomorrow night.

(?) Will I be writing a comic ?

(?) Will I be studying tomorrow night ?

C. Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Akan Datang)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) Iwill havefinishedby 10am.

(+) Youwill haveforgottenme by then.

(-) Shewillnothavegoneto school.

(-) Wewillnothaveleft.

(?) Willyou havearrived?

(?) Willthey havereceivedit?

D. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Akan Datang)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) I will have been reading a news paper.

(+) He will have been listening music.

(-) I will haven’t been reading a news paper.

(-) He will haven’t listening a music.

(?) Will I have been riding a news paper ?

(?) Will He have listening a music ?

4. Past Future Tense (Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)

A. Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)

Rumus :

Positif: S + would + V1

Negatif: S + would + not + V1

Tanya:  Would + S + V1

Contoh :

(+) He would come if you invited him.

(+) They would buy a home the previous day.

(-) He wouldn’t come if invited him.

(-) They wouldn’t buy a home the previous day.

(?) Would He come if invited him ?

(?) Would they buy a home the previous day ?

B. Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Akan Sedang Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau)

Rumus :

Positif: S + would + be + Ving

Negatif: S + would + not + be + Ving

Tanya: Would + S + be + Ving

Contoh :

(+) I should be swimming at this time the following day.

(+) I shall be sliping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.

(-) I shouldn’t be swimming at this time the following day.

(-) I shalln’t be sleeping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.

(?) Shall I be swimming at this time the following day ?

(?) Shall I be sleeping at10 o’clock tomorrow ?

C. Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Akan Sudah Selesai Di Waktu Lampau)

Rumus :

Positif:   = S + would + have + V3

Negatif: = S + would + not + have + V3

Tanya:   = Would + S + have + V3

Contoh :

(+) He would have graduated if he had studies hard.

(+) Nonok will have studied moth by the end of this week.

(-) He wouldn’t have gone if he had met his darling

(-) Nonok will have not studied month by the end of this week

(?) Would He have gone if he had met his darling ?

(?) Will Nonok have studied month by the end of this week ?

D. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

(Waktu Yang Sudah Sedang Berlangsung Pada Waktu Lampau)

Rumus :

Positif: S + would + have + been + Ving

Negatif: S + would + not + have + been + Ving

Tanya: Would + S + have + been + Ving

Contoh :

Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years

(+) Mrs. Anisa Munif would have been walking here for seventeen years

(+) Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years

(-) Mrs. Anisa Munif wouldn’t have been walking here for seventeen year

(-) Rianawati wouldn’t have been speaking English for two years

(?) Would Mrs. Anisa Munif have been walking here for seventeen years?

(?) Would Rianawati have been speaking English for two years?

Lengkapi kata-kata di bawah ini menjadi kalimat lengkap dengan menambahkan preposisi yang tepat, serta keterangan dari stative passive berupa someone / something.

Contoh : I'm interested in manufacture

1. I'm related........
2. I'm satisfied......
3. I'm involved........
4. I'm opposed.....
5. I'm excited........
6. I'm prepared.....
7. I'm worried.......
8. I'm opposed......
9. I'm done..........
10. I'm qualified......
11. I'm finished.......
12. I'm married.......
13. I'maquainted.....
14. I'm scared.......
15. I'm pleased......

Penggunaan Would Like dan Infinitive

Like sering juga digabungkan dengan would (would like) untuk mengekspresikan Want / ingin / keinginan. Would like lebih sering digunakan  dalam percakapan sehari-hari karena  untuk mengekspresikan kesopanan. Dalam pengucapan atau penulisan would like umumnya disingkat menjadi I'd like.
Perhatikan contoh di bawah ini untuk memahami perbedaan antara want dan would like.

Penggunaan Want	Penggunaan Would like (lebih sopan)
I want to meet my friends with you today.	I’d like (I would like)  to meet my friends with you today.
I want a cup of coffee and a slice of bread with scrambled egg for my breakfast.	I’d like (I would like) a cup of coffee and a slice of bread with scrambled egg for my breakfast.
They want to meet you Michael.	They’d like (They would like) to meet you Michael.
The children want to see the film tonight Mrs Marlin.....	The children would like to see the film tonight Mrs Marlin....

Perhatikan penggunaan di atas, kata want bisa digantikan dengan would like untuk mengekspresikan keinginan.

Dalam penggunaannya kata want bisa digabungkan dengan kata benda :
I want her
I want him
I want them

Tetapi tidak bisa menggunakan would like + kata benda :
I would like her
I would like him
I would like them
Pada kalimat di atas would like + kata benda bukan mempunyai arti "Aku ingin dia / mereka" tetapi diterjemahkan "Aku akan suka dia / mereka"