Menurut yang dilakukan subyeknya, kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris memiliki dua bentuk, yaitu
- kalimat aktif (active voice) dan
- kalimat pasif (passive voice).
1. Active Voice (Kalimat Aktif)
Yaitu kalimat dimana subjek kalimat melakukan pekerjaan
Contoh :
Aktif
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
Object
|
Barli
|
buys
|
a magazine.
|
|
Barli
|
membeli
|
sebuah
majalah.
|
2. Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif)
Yaitu kalimat dimana subjeknya dikenai suatu pekerjaan.
Contoh :
Pasif
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
Object
|
A magazine
|
is bought
|
by Barli.
|
|
Sebuah
majalah
|
dibeli
|
oleh Barli
|
Jika kita membandingkan susunan kedua kalimat di atas, objek yang ada dalam kalimat aktif diubah menjadi subjek dari kalimat pasif. Hal itu juga tampak dalam susunan kalimat di bawah ini :
Subject
|
Verb
|
Object
|
|
Aktif
|
Everybody
|
drinks
|
Orange juice.
|
Pasif
|
Orange
juice
|
is drunk
|
by everybody.
|
B. STRUKTUR PASSIVE VOICE
Secara umum, susunan kalimat pasif adalah :
S + To Be + V3
|
Namun, bentuk waktu "to be" tersebut harus disesuaikan dengan tensesnya,
Perhatikan tabel berikut :
TENSES
|
AKTIF
|
PASIF
|
|
Simple
|
Present
|
S + V1
He washes
it.
|
S + to be
1 + V3
It is
washed.
|
Past
|
S + V2
He washed
it.
|
S + to be
2 + V3
It was
washed.
|
|
Future
|
S + will +
V1
He will
wash it.
|
S + will
be + V3
It will be
washed.
|
|
Past
Future
|
S + would
+ V1
He would
wash it.
|
S + would
be + V3
It would
be washed.
|
|
TENSES
|
AKTIF
|
PASIF
|
|
Contonuous
|
Present
|
S + to be
1 + V-ing
He is
washing it.
|
S + To Be
1 + being + V3
It is
being washed.
|
Past
|
S + had +
V3
He had
washed it.
|
S + had
been + V3
It had
been washed.
|
|
Future
|
S + will
have + V3
He will
have washed it.
|
S + will +
being + V3
It will be
being washed.
|
|
Past
Future
|
S + would
+ be + V-ing
He would
be washing it.
|
S + would
be being + V3
It would
be being washed.
|
|
TENSES
|
AKTIF
|
PASIF
|
|
Perfect Simple
|
Present
|
S
+has/have + V3
He has
washed it.
|
S +
has/have been + V3
It has
been washed.
|
Past
|
S + had +
V3
He had
washed it.
|
S + had
been + V3
It had
been washed.
|
|
Future
|
S + will
have + V3
He will
have washed it.
|
S + will
have been + V3
It will
have been washed.
|
|
Past
Future
|
S + would
+ have + V3
He would
have washed.
|
S + would
have been + V3
It would
have been washed.
|
|
TENSES
|
AKTIF
|
PASIF
|
|
Perfect
Continuous
|
Present
|
S + has
been + V-ing
He has
been washing it.
|
S + has
been being + V3
It has
been being washed.
|
Past
|
S + had
been + V-ing
He had
been washig it.
|
S + had
been being + V3
It had
been being washed.
|
|
Future
|
S + will
have been + V-ing
He will
have been washing it.
|
S + will
have been being + V3
It will
have been being washed.
|
|
Past
Future
|
S + would
have been + V-ing
He would
have been washing it.
|
S + would
have been being + V3
It would
have been being washed.
|
|
C. MENGUBAH KALIMAT AKTIF MENJADI KALIMAT PASIF
Jika kita ingin mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif, kita dapat melakukannya dengan mengubah objek kalimat aktifnya menjadi subjek kalimat pasif.
AKTIF = S + V + O
PASIF = S + To Be + V3
Ket : Objek pada kalimat aktif akan berubah menjadi subjek pada kalimat pasif.
Contoh 1 :
Aktif :
- Julie writes a letter to her friend.
(Julie menulis sebuah surat untuk temannya.)
Pasif :
- A letter to her friend is written by Julie.
(Sebuah surat untuk temannya ditulis oleh Julie.)
Contoh 2 :
Aktif :
- The postman will send the letters today.
(Pak Pos akan mengirim surat-surat hari ini.)
Pasif :
- The letters will be sent by the postman today.
(Surat-surat akan dikirim oleh Pak Pos hari ini.)
Untu mencari kata kerja bentuk V3, silahkan buka :
Irregular Verbs
Demikian Pengertian, Struktur, Mengubah Kalimat bentuk Active Voice menjadi Passive Voice, mohon maaf bila ada kesalahan dalam penulisan. Semoga bermanfaat.
